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Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related indicators of plague in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, and to evaluate the risk of plague epidemic in the future and formulate scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures.Methods:The plague surveillance data of national (Dingbian County) and provincial (Yuyang District, Jingbian County, Hengshan District, Shenmu City, Fugu County) plague monitoring sites in Yulin City from 2011 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Pestis Prevention and Control Management Information System, and the plague epidemic situation among humans and animals, the main host animals and their flea infection were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. The expert consultation method and plague risk assessment tool V1.0 were used to assess the epidemic risk of the plague in Yulin City.Results:There was no human and animal plague epidemic in Yulin City from 2011 to 2021. In national monitoring site, the density of main host animal was 5.79/hm 2, ranging from 3.02/hm 2 to 9.08/hm 2,the dominant species was Mongolian gerbil, accounting for 98.21% (3 402/3 464); the capture rate of wild nocturnal rodents was 1.27% (350/27 600), ranging from 0.21% to 3.83%, the dominant species was Cricetulus barabensis, accounting for 44.86% (157/350); the flea infection rate of the rodent body was 16.91% (768/4 541), with a flea index of 0.40, the dominant flea species was the Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkov, accounting for 66.54% (1 203/1 808). In provincial monitoring site, the density of main host animals was 0.49/hm 2, ranging from 0.31/hm 2 to 0.67/hm 2, the dominant species was Alashan ground squirrel, accounting for 63.61% (194/305); the capture rate of nocturnal rodents in the wild was 1.76% (560/31 795), ranging from 0.89% to 3.93%, the dominant species was Roborovski dwarf hamster, accounting for 26.61% (149/560); the capture rate of domestic rats was 2.37% (397/16 750), ranging from 1.48% to 3.10%, the rodents included Rattus norvegicus (47.36%, 188/397) and house mouse (52.64%, 209/397); the flea infection rate of the rat body was 13.26% (182/1 373), with a flea index of 0.40; the dominant flea species was Ophthalmopsylla jettmari, accounting for 45.23% (251/555). The 5 281 pathogenic culture samples and 2 110 serological test samples were all negative. The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that there was no correlation between rodent density and flea infection rate or flea index at national and provincial monitoring sites ( r = - 0.26, - 0.48, 0.09, 0.12, P > 0.05), while flea infection rate and flea index were positively correlated ( r = 0.67, 0.81, P < 0.05). In 2022, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province was not ruled out the possibility of human plague epidemic, and the risk of plague epidemic among animals was high. Conclusions:From 2011 to 2021, the density of the main host animals at the national and provincial monitoring sites in Yulin City has remained at a low level, and the flea index has increased. There is a risk of plague epidemic in Yulin City, so the monitoring work should be further strengthened, and emergency supplies and capacity reserves should be well prepared.
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Objective:To master the development trend of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Yulin in recent years and the iodine nutrition level of the population, so as to better evaluate the effectiveness of IDD monitoring and control.Methods:According to the requirements of "the National IDD Monitoring Program (2016 Edition)", 8-10-years-old children and pregnant women in 10 counties (districts) of Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, were selected from 2017 to 2019. Their home salt samples and urine samples were collected to measure their salt iodine and urine iodine contents. The thyroid gland of school-age children was examined by palpation and B-ultrasonic method, and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:A total of 9 450 salt samples were collected, and the median salt iodine was 23.57 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.93% (9 443/9 450), and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.02% (9 263/9 450). A total of 6 297 children's urine samples were collected, and the median urine iodine was 252.33 μg/L. Among them, < 100 μg/L accounted for 3.46% (218/6 297), 100-< 200 μg/L accounted for 28.81% (1 814/6 297), 200-< 300 μg/L accounted for 51.60% (3 249/6 297), and ≥300 μg/L accounted for 16.13% (1 016/6 297). Totally 3 150 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, the median urine iodine was 187.39 μg/L. Among them, 21.97% (692/3 150) were less than 150 μg/L, 48.83% (1 538/3 150) were 150-< 250 μg/L, 27.37% (862/3 150) were 250-< 500 μg/L, and 1.84% (58/3 150) were ≥500 μg/L. The goiter rate was 1.97% (124/6 300) in 6 300 school-age children examined by palpation, and 1.38% (29/2 100) in 2 100 school-age children examined by B-ultrasonic method.Conclusion:From 2017 to 2019, salt iodine, urine iodine and goiter rate of school-age children in Yulin City have reached the national standard for elimination of IDD.
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Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab combined with methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of refractory adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), and to explore whether it is possible to reduce the dose of tocilizumab when disease is under control. Methods Twenty-eight patients with refractory AOSD received the treatment of tocilizumab (8 mg/kg, Intravenous infusion every 4 weeks, and reduced to 8 mg/kg every 8 weeks after 6 months of remission) combined with MTX (12.5 mg oral intake per week). The clinical efficacy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin level and dose change of glucocorticoid (GC) were observed prior to treatment initiation and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 weeks after treatment. All adverse reactions were recorded. The Chi-square test and repetitive measure analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results Compared with the baseline levels, our results showed that after 8-weeks of treatment with tocilizumab all patients had normal body temperature, while skin rash, joint swelling and pain disappeared. CRP [(125.4 ±48.3) mg/L, (6.1 ±2.5) mg/L vs (4.9 ±1.8) mg/L , F=77.034, P<0.01], ESR [(103±31) mm/1 h, (17±7) mm/1 h vs (16±4) mm/1 h, F=55.73, P<0.01], white blood cells count [(18.1± 5.3)×109/L, (8.2±2.9)×109/L vs (7.2±2.1)×109/L, F=24.71, P<0.01], neutrophils count [(16.7±4.9)×109/L, (6.1± 2.2)×109/L vs(4.9±2.3)×109/L, F=35.295, P<0.01], blood platelets [(312±83)×109/L, (199±40)×109/L vs (204± 47)×109/L, F=7.139, P<0.01], hemoglobin [(100±9) g/L, (116±9) g/L vs (277±102) g/L, F=9.852, P<0.01], ferritin level [(3542±1313) ng/ml, (2342±923) ng/ml vs (277±102) ng/ml), F=34.232, P<0.01] were improved significantly, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests continued to improve at week 12, 24, 36 and 48, the doseof prednisone was reduced from (71.4±20.7) mg/d to (55.0±11.1) mg/d (P<0.05) After 2 weeks, and the dosage was gradually reduced to 3.3±2.1 mg/d (P<0.05) at the end of 48 weeks. Five (17.9％) patients discontinued prednisone after 36 weeks, and 7 (25％) patients at week 48, no serious adverse events were found during the treatment. Conclusion Tocilizumab can rapidly and significantly improve clinical symptoms and laboratory tests of patients with refractory AOSD and it also can help with the reduction of GC dosage. In addition, the disease remains stable after the dose reduction of tombuzumab. The safety profile is good.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 3.0T MR high field high-b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate cancer (PCa) and to analyze its correlation with Gleason classification.Methods A total of 78 cases proved by operation and pathology were collected,including 41 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and 37 cases of PCa.PCa patients were classified according to postoperative pathological scores,and their correlation with ADC values was analyzed subsequently.Parameter scanning was performed in all patients by using Philps 3.0T MR with b value at 0 s/mm2,1 000 s/mm2 and 1 500 s/mm2.The signal intensity and ADC value of PCa and BPH were compared under two kinds of high-b-values,and the correlation between ADC value and Gleason classification was analyzed.Results It was found that the specificity and accuracy of T2WI combined with b value of 1 500 s/mm2 were higher than these of T2WI combined with b value of 1 000 s/mm2 for the diagnosis of PCa.The ranking result of ADC value corresponding to Gleason score of PCa after operation was:2-4 points ＞ 5-6 points ＞7 points ＞ 8-10 points.Besides,the ADC value of the corresponding lesion with b value of 1 500 s/mm2 was lower than that with b value of 1 000 s/mm2,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion High field high-b-value DWI combined with T2WI is of high value in differential diagnosis of PCa and BPH,and the specificity and accuracy of PCa and BPH improve obviously with the increase of the b value.Additionally,the ADC value is negatively correlated with the Gleason score.
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ObjectiveTo recognize the normal CT appearances of adult pterygoid hamulus and increase the ability to recognize pterygoid hamulus abnormalities.Methods The pterygoid hamulus of 108 normal adults ( male:53 cases,female,55 cases) were studied with MIP and VR reconstructive images by 64-slice spiral CT in order to observe its normal shape,to measure its length,diameter,vertical height,horizontal width,abduct angle in coronal position and post-abducent angle in anteroposterior position.The differences between genders,two sides and age groups were compared,respectively.ResultsThe normal pterygoid hamulus had a wide basal body and a pillar caudomedial part with round or intumescentia extreme.In coronal position,the distal end towards outer direction in 214 sides and 2 sides in inner direction. In anteroposterior position,the distal end towards posterior direction in 190 sides and anterior direction in 26 sides.The pterygoid hamulus length,vertical height,and horizontal width of adult males were (8.18 ± 0.94) mm,(7.23 ±0.92) mm,(4.27 ±0.81 ) mm,respectively.They were larger than the adult females (7.31 ± 1.01) mm,(6.26 ±0.90) mm,(3.97 ±0.82) mm,and the difference was statistically significant (t values were 6.56,7.86,2.72 respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The pterygoid hamulus vertical height of age group over 60 years old (7.13 ± 1.35) mm exceeded the age groups of 18-39 (6.55 ±0.86) mm.The difference was statistically significant ( F =4.95,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions64-slice spiral CT could display the shape,length and angle of pterygoid hamulus in full. It could help to recognize correlated pterygoid hamulus diseases.
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The research had screened out an Antarctic marine bacterium BSw10005,which metabolite can prominently inhibit epiphytes contributing to plant pathogens.Bacterium BSw10005 had been cultured with NaCl solution instead of seawater.Using 5L bioreactor,the growth characteristic of BSw10005 have been researched particularly through changing cultivated conditions such as temperature、supply of oxygen and pH,which provide significant information specifically how influenced the growth of bacterium if we change the cultivated conditions.White solid antifungal substances isolated from cultivated marine broth was attained.